Differential gearing



W. 0. ISAACSON. DIFFERENTIAL GEARINGQ APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1a. 1918.

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DIFFERENTIAL GEARING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 13 1918 3 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

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DIFFERENTIAL GEABING. APPLICATJON FILED SEPT. 13, I918.

Patented Nov. 14, -1922;

'3 SHEETS-SHEE'I 3.

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Patented NW. 14, 192a.

on era WILLIAM dissection, or or-rroeeosrrrrnors.

nirrnnnnrrar enemies.

. Application filed sa -Emberracers; eel-rains; 253,978. i

To all whom itmag 'concem: Be t known thatl, HELLI M Olseao'son,

a citizen of the United States, .residingat' Chicago, county, of Cook, State of Illinois,

have invented a certain :nevv and useful Improvement in Differential Gearing and declare the following tobe a full, clear, and

exact description of the'ssame, such as will enable others skilled inithe art to which it pertains-to make anduse thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,

which form a partof this specification. s

' This invention relates todifierential gearing tonnes: in the operation of the drive wheels of an automobile and an object there-- of is to. provide a mechanism normally op-H crating as a. differential gearingtodifferentially drive the two parts-r the drive shaft applied wholly; to. one Wheel.

of an automobile orsimilar. vehicle and that- -is provlded with {means ivherebywthe two parts of the shaft may. belocked, one tothe other, to drive in unison. In the operation of an automotive vehicle one of the Wheels 7 may spin While the other Wheelremains stationary and the .-.purpose of this. de-

vice is to provide a; means whereby the power o'fithe vehicle may be applied to'the Wheel having'traction andthat maybe released as the vehicle is extricatedfrom the position in Will'Cll'thB differential is inoperative to drive the vehicle; Another object of this invention isto provide a, means for releasing: either of the tWo parts. of the drive shaft from operation by the differen ,tial mechanism whereby the power may be The last named feature depends Wholly upon the use of the locking arrangement above mentioned and hereinafter more fully described and.

operates in conjunction therewith. .A- furtherobject is to securex'the above named features in a constructionathat is comparatively ,simpleqand HIGXPQDSIVQ and that-is efficient for the Work to be performed;

hese and other objects" and novel feat ures of the invention are hereinafter more fully described "and. claimed, and shown in Fig. 3 is.a vertical section taken on the line of Fig. 1. V a

Fig. 4 is a plan View of the device, parts is a verticalgcross section taken on of the inclosing caseqand .themechanism be-- mg broken away to more clearlyfshowthe construction. U p Fig.5 1s a. detail inpersp'ectiveon an en lariged scale-showingone of the slide blocks nee.1n-the loclnngmechanism;-

Fig. 6' is an enlarged detailview' inperspective of the slidingbarru'sed in the block shown i11 Fig.w5.- .z I i Fig. is a side: elevationof the locking 111. :c' v The mechanism: isinclose'd in the usuallcas:

:ing 1. Which'may be ofl anytype; adapted for the purpose provided ivith bearings2and 3 for the shafts 4 and 5 respectively." iThese but they may-boot antifrictiontypejif .de-

sired. 'lheshai't'tsl and 5 areiconnected" rigidly with thev drive .vvheels; respectively. or

bearings are here shown asfplainubearings the vehicleas" is usual; E tending into the secured the driving pinion? keyed thereto,

as is usuah Thispinion meshes; 'the bevel ear. 8 secured .d1'rect ly to v the inner casing 9 Icarryingrthe idler pinions 10' and 11h preferably use' buttwo of these pinmounted ontne shaft lQIeXtending through both the pinions andYsupported by the caS- ing 9 aszshoivn. The shaft, is preferably nonrotatable but maybe rotatably mounted if desired. Thesepinionsj 1O and-l1 both mesh on opposite l sides. with the comp anion driven gears 13 and 14: Whichiarerotatable 1 on the inner endsi of the" shafts 4c and 5.1,re- V spectively when: used with the releasing deca'se the? propeller shaft ;,6zonii.vvhich is ions on diametrically opposite sides-of the casing 9 and::;these ;,pin1ons. are rotatably vice hereinafter described; When; not so. used these gears 13 and I 14 should be keyed 9.5.. .or :otherwise secured to rotate thesefishafts 4 and .5,:a s is usual. w-g'Withcthe companion 7 gears keyed to thetivo respective parts 4 andiif of the drivemshafuthe pinions-by reason of e1igagement ;,vvith the two 'comipanion gears '13 and-lldrfive the same at equal speeds and by reason of the possibility ,o'ltrevolving on theshaftJlQ allows one-part I of'the shaft to. rotate a-differ'ent speed than the speed ot the other 'shaft ivith the power to. deliver-to both shafts. equally.

his-is the usual construction generally 6111? 1 v .p'loyed in the. usual differential. gearing.

"l-leretoiore, With the usual construction; if one of the NhGClSgIBS'tSllPOIl a sl ppery jsurj-.

face such as .ice' and the; othennp'on a road surface tree from iceone ot-the heels pinions from revolution on the shaft 12.

With the pinions locked from revolution and the companion gears 13 and 14: secured to the shafts, both wheels are driven in fixed relationso that power is applied to the wheel having traction. This enables the vehicle to be ev ricated from the position in which one of. the wheels is slipping, whereupon the pinions may again be unlocked to rotate on the shaft 12.

I In the construction here shown I have provided a locking mechanism operable at will of the driver to lock or unlock the pinions from rotation. For this purpose each pinion 10 and 11 is provided at the base with a plate 15 having a circular roll of apertures 16 therein and each plate is secured to the respective pinion so that it revolves with the pinion during the revolution of the pin ions on the shaft'12. The casing 9 carries on oppositesides a pair of pins 1? and 18 attached to a cross shaft 19 and these pinsin normallyunlocked' position rest in apertures in thecasing 9 provided therefor. By

forcing the pins 17 and 18 downward desired by projection of these pins into the apertured plates to apply the power of the motor to both wheels and prevent the spin ning of one relative to the other.

Each pair of locking pins may be actuated by means of a link20. In each instance the link is provided with a tubular portion 21 to receive the cross shaft 19 providing a pivoted connection for the link on the shaft. At the opposite end the link is pivotally connected to a bar 22 slidably mounted in a block 23 having a way 24: therefor. The two blocks and slide members are mounted on the inner casing 9 and are shown in detail in Figs. 5 and 6 and the link has a pin insertable in the aperture 25 formed in the end of the slide member. The slide member also carries roll-- ers 26 and 27 near the end opposite the apertured end and a nonrotatable ring; 28 is provided in the casing 1 surrounding the inner casing 9, engaging between the rollers, the rollers being carried in the casing 9 re volving therewith about the inner circuma bearing 32 provided therefor, attached to the inner surface of the outer housing 1. in the construction here shown each rod 31 has a hooked end 33 that engages an aperture provided at the end of the levers 34c and 35 respectively. These levers centrally between the ends thereof are pivotally mounted on the casingv 9 as indicated at 36 and are connected together at the inner ends as indicated in F ig. 2 at 37. As shown insaid figure, these levers are curved and supported on the inner surface of the outer casing and in the position of thelevers shown iniFig. 1 the slide is drawn to its .outermost position which isthe position naturally assumed by the ring and connected parts by reason of the ring being connected to the casing by the coiled springs 38 and 89 which tend. to draw the ring to theposition shownin Fig. 1.

From the construction shown the'tend-v ency of the ring to draw toward the leftof F ig. 1.dra.ws the links 20 downward and tends to force the'pins 17 and 18 into locking relation with the plates 15 as is shown in Fig. 7 There is also another spring for each pair of locking pins tending to force the pins into locking relation. This spring 50 has one end attached to the block 23 and one end attached to a lug 51 on the tubular member 21. When the slide is moved forward raising the pins, this spring is placed under tension and, when free to act, tends to force the pins into locking relation with the respective pinion plate. Therefore, normally the pins must be held out of locking relation. This is accomplished by a chain or cable member 52 which extends forward to the drivers seat of the vehicle and by pulling upon this chain member the ring 28 is forced to position shown by dotted lines shown. in Fig. 1 raising the pins from locking position and allowing pinions 10 and 11 to rotate and providing a normal differential of the device in the usual operation. of the'vehicle upon condition arising where one of the wheels may spln. Thls chain member is released from its position releasing the ring to actuate by the springs 38 and 39 and also re leases the pins to actuation by the springs 38, 39, and 50 which throws them into lockthe ring is actuated from opposite sides simultaneously.

, Evidently this mechanism for raising or lowering the pins may be varied in many ways, the mechanism shown being one of many constructions serviceable for the purpose.

15 an additional means for applying the entire power to one of a pair of driving wheels, I arrange the companion gears 13 and the sliding" ember 63 is corrc fadingly shaped so' that rotationfof the member 63 causes rotation of the shaft. 'Eh element 63 may be "splined to the shaftif so desired. At the rear end ofeach slide member 63 is provided'a coiled spring 65 tending to force the member into engagement with the companion clutch 61 of the drlven gears 13 or 1'-l. This element is manually controlled and for this purposel have provided a circumferential grooveboin the outer surface thereof and the bearings 2 and 3 ofthe housing 1s provided with a: threaded aperture 67 to receive a plug 68.]

In this plug is mounted a shaft 69 having on the end thereof a cam 70 which rides in the groove 66 ofthesleeve' 63. To the end of this shaft is attached an arm .71 whereby the shaft may be rotated and the cam turn-.

ed. This cam. may be turned as shown at the right of Fig. l to withdraw the sleeve from engagement with the companion gear 13. In thisconchtion the shaft 4 will not be rotated by rotation of the gear 13 and,

if the pinionslt) and 11 be locked at this time, the full power of the engine is transferred to the shaft Normally, however,

the sleeves are both in engagement with the gear clutches 61 sothat both sha-fts'are driven by rotation of the gears 13 and'l L. By this sleeve arrangement described the spinning-of a. Wheel maybe stoppedin that the shaft of the spinnlng wheel may be re}- leased fromrotation'thus preventingwear of the tire. lvhile the device for locking; the pinions 10 and 11 is not dependent for operation upon the sleeve clutches, the said sleeve arrangement is dependent upon the locking device as without the locking device the sleeve device is inoperative That is, the locking device for the pinions may be used without the necessity of the us'eof I the sleeve clutches, but in such a case the companion gears 13 and 14 must be secured to the respective parts of theshaft.

From the foregoing description it is evident that the principal object of the inven tion is secured bythe locking: device for locking pinions 10 and 11 from. rotation on the shaft. By arranging the pins 17 and 18 with the rounded ends, the releasing: of the pins to action by the springs automati cally forces them into locking position and the ring may be released to actuation at the will of the operator through the use ofthe chain member 52. It is also evident that the construction 18 comparatively simple and inexpensive and with the use, of thesleeve clutches described the entire power h n at" will,

beapplied to either Wheel a1: gearing, "a t -p'art n driven gears revolua V raving-"thus '-briefiy"described my inven'-. --tion,IwbatlClaim is-' -f x [1. 1 1a: fferent rdrive" shaft bly mounterl adjacentendsof 'saidparts,' 'tliefg'ears havinghubs pi*o';v icled'at thef outer' C a i emerr'iber ofa clutch emcee "sleeve"slidableyon each of" said par s in keyed relation therewith having .a complemental' clutch niemberjspfrings tending to hold the I clutchmembers in. engagement, said sleeves i having a. circumferential groove in the outer surface there0f, -a'cas1np; hav ng bearings forthe said shafts and sleeve," cani member-mounted 1n. the said casing and riding 'in the said grooves, a lever for each ca m adapted to slideithe sleeve whereby either sleeve may beWithdrawn at will from engagement with the respective gear, clutch,

a plurality of Ipinions each meshing with both of thesaid companion gears revoluble on their axes about the axes of theugea'rs, and manually controlled means for locking the pinions fromrotation on their axes 2. irr-a differential gearing, a two-part drive sha'ft, companion driven gears on ad-. 1ac'ent ends thereof'adaptedto drivethe re-" spective parts of theshaft, pinions each in mesh with, both said gears, acasing revoluble about the' axes of the said companion 7 gears and carrying thesaid p1n1ons,'thep1nions be inglrevolubleon their axes-whereby the companion gears may be differentially rotation ofthepinions on their axes com-' driven,- anda'lockingdevice for preventing prising a pin foreach pinion carriedby the,"

e casing and adapted to be projectedin lock ed relation"w1th each pinion, a sliding bar.

pivotallyvconnected with the pin and car- Y rledby the said revoluble casing, movement of the slide in one; direction withdrawing r the pln-ffrom engagementwith the gearand movement in the other direction inserting the pin, e ach'slide havinga pair ofroller's, a-nonrotatable rlngengaging between the rollers ofthe said slides, springs tending to move the ring loi igitudinally of'the shaft tov project the pins into. locked relation with the. prawns, and manual m'eans for moving i the ring in opposite direction;

3. In differentlal g'ear1ng,"a drive shaft, compan on driven gears rotatably mounted onadjacent vends of the s'aid two-part shaft, clutch devices fojr' clutching two-part the companion gears to' the respective-shaft" I ends to cause rotation thereof, a casing revoluble about the axes of the said gears, a i i j pair of pinions revoluble with, the casing and about theiryaxesthe casing'having a pins for each of the saidfpair of apertures,

pair of apertures for each pinion equi-distantly positioned, on opposite sides of the ax1s of rotat on-of each 1pin1on,. a pair of y 1 I each pinion having a series of apertures or recesses arranged in a circle about its axis of rotation into Which the respective pins may be projected, a spring-actuated means for each pairof pins tending to force the .pins intothe apertures of the respective pinion, a non-rotatable ring common to each of the said spring-actuated means and extending about the saidcaslng, a housing for the said casing'enclosing the casing and the" gears a slide on opposite sides of the housing, each slide having a lug engaging one face of the ring, a; pair of levers pivotally mounted on the housing and engaging the slides, and means for simultaneously operating the levers to force the ring in one direction to disengage the pins.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification.

VVILLIAM- O. ISAACSON. 

